What it is

Retinal, also known as retinaldehyde, is a vitamin A derivative and part of the retinoid family. It is used in skincare as a high-performance active ingredient to improve skin renewal, support collagen production, and address concerns such as ageing, acne, and uneven texture.

How it works

Retinal converts into retinoic acid—the biologically active form of vitamin A—in a single step once applied to the skin. This increases cellular turnover, meaning old skin cells are shed more efficiently and replaced with new ones. As a result, skin texture becomes smoother and more even. At the same time, retinal stimulates collagen production and regulates oil and cell buildup within pores, leading to firmer-looking skin and reduced breakouts.

What it does for the skin

• Smooths uneven texture and refines skin surface
• Reduces the appearance of fine lines and early wrinkles
• Improves skin tone, clarity, and radiance
• Helps prevent clogged pores and breakouts

Why it’s effective

Retinal works within the skin at a cellular level, influencing how skin cells renew and repair themselves. Because it requires only one conversion step to become active, it delivers results more efficiently than retinol while generally maintaining a better balance between effectiveness and tolerability compared to stronger prescription retinoids.

Forms & strength

Retinoids exist in a conversion hierarchy that affects both strength and tolerability:

• Retinol – Requires two conversion steps before becoming active, resulting in slower, more gradual effects
• Retinal (Retinaldehyde) – Requires one conversion step, offering faster visible results with moderate tolerability
• Retinoic acid (Tretinoin) – The active form, available by prescription, delivering the strongest results but with higher irritation potential

How to use

Use in the evening (PM). Start 2–3 times per week and gradually increase frequency as tolerance builds. Apply to clean, dry skin and follow with a moisturiser to support the skin barrier. Avoid layering with multiple strong actives in the same routine during the introduction phase.

Daily sunscreen use is essential, as increased cell turnover can make the skin more sensitive to UV exposure and increase the risk of sun damage.

What to combine it with

• Hyaluronic acid – helps maintain hydration and reduce dryness
• Ceramides – support barrier repair and reduce irritation
• Niacinamide – improves tolerance and supports overall skin balance
• Peptides – support collagen function and complement skin-firming benefits

What NOT to combine it with

• Strong exfoliating acids (AHA/BHA) – may increase irritation when used in the same routine
• Benzoyl peroxide – can reduce retinoid effectiveness and increase dryness
• Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) – best used in separate routines (vitamin C in the morning, retinal at night) to minimise irritation and optimise performance

Side effects & adjustment period

When first introducing retinal, mild dryness, flaking, redness, or sensitivity may occur. This is a normal adjustment phase as the skin adapts to increased cell turnover. Gradual introduction, using barrier-supporting products, and avoiding overuse can help minimise irritation. If discomfort persists, reduce frequency of use.

Pregnancy & breastfeeding

Retinoids, including retinal, are generally not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Consult a healthcare professional for guidance.

Best suited for

• Fine lines and early signs of ageing
• Uneven skin tone and texture
• Acne-prone or congested skin
• Dullness and loss of radiance

Skin types

Suitable for normal, combination, and oily skin. Can be used by sensitive skin types with a slow introduction and proper barrier support. Dry or reactive skin may require lower frequency and richer moisturising support.

Ingredient category: Retinoid (Vitamin A derivative)

Main benefits: Skin renewal, anti-ageing, acne support, texture refinement

Best for concerns: Fine lines, acne, uneven texture, dullness

Common product types: Serums, creams, treatments, night formulations

Routine use: PM

Sensitivity level: Moderate to high