Retinoids

Retinoids are some of the most effective ingredients in skincare, offering powerful benefits for everything from acne to wrinkles. These Vitamin A derivatives work by accelerating cell turnover, stimulating collagen production, and reducing inflammation. However, not all retinoids are created equal—some are gentle, while others act faster and with greater potency.

Retinoids work by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in skin cells, influencing how they grow, function, and regenerate. Their effects are seen on multiple layers of the skin:

• Retinoids increase the number of epidermal cells your skin produces which means a faster cellular turnover rate that creates a fresher/ brighter looking skin by shedding old, damaged skin cells faster.

• They also reduce the activity of over-stimulated melanocytes (melanin-producing cells) and reduce the amount of melanin thats transferred to you skin cells which helps improve pigmentation/ dark marks ans evens overall skin tone

• Stimulates keratinocyte (skin cell) division, leading to a smoother, more even complexion.

• Retinoids stimulates cells in your dermis called "fibroblasts" which causes an increase in their number and activity.
• Fibroblasts are responsible for creating collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid.
• More fibroblast activity = more collagen production.
• Retinoids also prevent the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which are enzymes that break down existing collagen
• With time this creates a skin thats firmer, more elastic with an increased blod flow. Improving skin repair, reduce wrinkles and gives a natural glow.

RETINOID - What it does:

Increase the rate that your skin produces new skin cells and brings them to surface of your skin.

Examples: Retinoids, Retinol & Retinaldehyde

AHA - What it does:

Exfoliates your skin by breaking down the bonds that hold your skin cells together so they can be shed.

Particular good for aging skin.

Examples: Glycolic acid, Lactic acid & Mandelic acid

BHA - What it does:

Penetrates into your pores to exfoliate dead skin cells & control oil production.

Examples: Salicylic acid

As we age, collagen production declines, leading to fine lines, wrinkles, and dullness. Retinoids help counteract this by:

• Preventing clogged pores and reducing acne breakouts.
• Evening out skin tone by fading dark spots and refining texture.
• Keeping skin plump and strong by promoting fresh skin cells.
• Strengthening the skin barrier, making it less prone to irritation and breakouts.

Retinoids must convert into Retinoic acid, the active form that affects the skin. The fewer the conversion steps, the more potent and fast-acting the retinoid is.